Antimicrobial preservatives muaj ntau haiv neeg; Raws li lawv cov qauv molecular, lawv tuaj yeem faib dav rau hauv pawg inorganic thiab organic.
Inorganic Antimicrobial Preservatives
Raws li lawv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, inorganic antimicrobial preservatives yuav muab faib ua oxidative thiab reductive hom. Reductive antimicrobial agents exert lawv cov kab mob bactericidal thiab bleaching los ntawm lawv cov peev xwm txo tau - piv txwv xws li sulfurous acid thiab nws cov ntsev, uas feem ntau yog siv los ua cov tshuaj bleaching. Oxidative antimicrobial cov neeg ua haujlwm, sib txawv, ua tiav lawv cov kab mob bactericidal los ntawm lawv lub peev xwm oxidizing. Txawm hais tias cov neeg ua haujlwm no muaj zog heev, lawv zoo li muaj tshuaj lom neeg tsis ruaj khov, ua rau decomposition, thiab muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsawg; Ntxiv mus, lawv feem ntau emit ib tug txawv, unpleasant tsw. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau ua haujlwm rau kev tua kab mob thiab ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntawm cov khoom siv, ntim khoom, ib nrab-cov khoom tiav, thiab cov txheej txheem dej; pawg no feem ntau suav nrog chlorine-raws li kev npaj thiab peroxides.
Hypochlorites
Hypochlorites yog cov tshuaj bleaching ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv "active chlorine" tivthaiv nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob muaj zog. Chlorine nkag mus rau sab hauv ntawm cov kab mob microbial, cuam tshuam cov cellular enzymes proteins lossis inhibiting enzymes uas nkag siab rau oxidation, yog li ua rau microbial tuag. Hypochlorites muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tshem tawm cov kab mob dav dav, suav nrog cov kab mob vegetative bacterial cells, bacterial spores, viruses, poov xab, thiab pwm. Lawv cov kab mob bactericidal tau txhim kho tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj qhov kub siab, siab concentrations, ntev kev sib cuag, thiab qis pH.
Chloramines
Chloramines yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm lawv cov khoom me me oxidizing. Hauv cov chaw tsim khoom, chloramines feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ammonium sulfate ncaj qha nrog cov dej cawv bleaching (muaj 18-20 g / L ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine). Cov khoom tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no txawv nyob ntawm pH ntawm cov tshuaj: ntawm pH ntawm 5, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yields NHCl₂; ntawm pH ntawm 7 lossis siab dua, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yields NH₂Cl. Thaum ntxiv rau daim ntawv pulp, qhov pom zoo npaum li cas ntawm chloramine yog li ntawm 0.03% mus rau 0.05% ntawm lub cev qhov hnyav; Thaum siv rau "dej dawb" (dej txheej txheem rov ua dua), qhov pom zoo pom zoo yog 3-5 mg / L. Ob qho kev npaj thiab kev siv cov tshuaj chloramines yuav tsum tau ua raws li alkaline lossis tsis muaj zog alkaline; Piv txwv li, pH siab heev yuav cuam tshuam lawv cov kab mob bactericidal. Cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv chloramines suav nrog lawv cov nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm siab; Txawm li cas los xij, lawv qhov tsis zoo suav nrog cov ntxhiab tsw ntxhiab tsw uas ua rau tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ib puag ncig thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob tsis zoo, hloov kev siv cov tshuaj chloramines nrog tooj liab sulfate-ua raws li lub chaw tu lub sijhawm- tau ua pov thawj tias yog lub tswv yim zoo heev.
Organic Biocides thiab Preservatives
Organic biocides thiab preservatives muaj ntau yam zoo, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm siab, tsis muaj tshuaj lom, thiab biodegradability zoo heev; yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam papermaking. Tam sim no, cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov haujlwm no suav nrog cov tshuaj organosulfur, organobromine compounds, thiab nitrogen-sulfur- muaj cov tshuaj heterocyclic.
Hauv tsev, ntau lub tuam txhab tau mob siab rau rau kev tshawb fawb thiab muag ntawm cov biocides, nrog rau cov kev ua ub no nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Tuam Tshoj (xws li Nanjing Gutian) thiab South Tuam Tshoj (xws li, Guangzhou Guyi).
Organosulfur compounds
Cov khoom lag luam sawv cev hauv pawg no yog Methylene Bisthiocyanate (abbreviated li MBT). MBT muaj qhov dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm biocidal, ua kom pom muaj txiaj ntsig tua cov kab mob, fungi, thiab algae; yog li ntawd nws yog tsim nyog rau siv nyob rau hauv preservation ntawm ob daim ntawv pulp thiab ntawv coatings. Hauv kev siv tswv yim, MBT feem ntau yog tsim rau hauv 10% (los ntawm qhov hnyav) kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog cov kuab tshuaj thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm sib koom ua ke. Thaum ntxiv ntawm qhov ntau npaum ntawm 7.5 mg / L, nws tuaj yeem ua kom tsis muaj menyuam ntau tshaj 99.8% hauv 30 feeb. Tus neeg sawv cev no tsim nyog siv rau hauv cov kab ke nrog tus nqi pH tsawg dua 11. Lwm cov khoom siv organosulfur biocide yog Benzothiazol-3-one. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no nthuav tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg heev rau tib neeg thiab lwm yam tsiaj; Ib qho ntxiv ntawm tsuas yog 45-170 grams ib tuj ntawm daim ntawv yog txaus los tiv thaiv kom txhob lwj ntawm daim ntawv pulp. Thaum siv rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv txheej, qhov pom zoo ntau npaum li cas ntawm 0.015% mus rau 0.03% ntawm tag nrho cov txheej hnyav.
Organobromine compounds
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide yog ib qho piv txwv tseem ceeb ntawm organobromine biocide. Nws siv ob qho tib si tua thiab inhibitory cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob thiab pwm, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv txheej thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Cov tshuaj no muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev decomposition, nrog rau nws cov degradation tus nqi nrawm dua li pH thiab kub nce. Piv txwv li, thaum nws tseem nyob ruaj khov rau 155 teev ntawm 25℃thiab pH ntawm 6.0, nws decomposes kiag li hauv 6 feeb ntawm pH ntawm 9.7. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv me ntsis acidic rau nruab nrab systems.
Heterocyclic compounds
Ib qho piv txwv ntawm chav kawm no yog 1,3,5-Tris(hydroxyethyl)hexahydro-s-triazine. Cov tshuaj no qhia tau hais tias muaj zog tua thiab inhibitory cuam tshuam rau ntau yam kab mob, xws li * Aerobacter *, * Pseudomonas aeruginosa *, * Bacillus *, thiab * Escherichia coli *. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov ntawv txheej, txawm hais tias nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev khaws cia ntawm daim ntawv; Qhov tseem ceeb, nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thoob plaws pH ntau yam thiab tswj nws txoj kev ruaj ntseg txawm tias nyob hauv cov kab mob alkaline uas muaj zog heev. 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-ib qho (abbreviated li BTT) muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog cov kab mob, pwm, cov poov xab, thiab sulfatereduc {23} Nws qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal tiv thaiv Gram - tsis zoo bacilli. Nws yog haum rau siv raws li ib tug preservative nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab slurries; nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si acidic thiab alkaline tej yam kev mob, nws yuav siv tau nyob rau hauv ib tug dav pH ntau yam. Ib chav kawm uas nyuam qhuav tshwm sim ntawm isothiazolinone-raws li biocides (tseem hu ua Kathon)-tseem ceeb ntawm 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI) thiab 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI) - nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab ntau yam kab mob sab hnub tuaj. Kev ua haujlwm siab, kev ua haujlwm dav dav, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo hauv eco hauv chav kawm ntawm cov kab mob bactericidal no tau lees paub thoob ntiaj teb; Lawv muaj feem xyuam rau kev tswj cov kab mob microbial thiab khaws cia cov ntaub so ntswg, dej dawb, thiab cov xim, nyob rau hauv ib qho pH haum ntawm 4 txog 8.
