Raws li cov lus ceeb toom, cov kab mob uas muaj peev xwm degrading xim feem ntau suav nrog cov kab mob, pwm, poov xab, thiab algae. Cov thawj culprits tom qab xim spoilage yog Gram-cov kab mob tsis zoo-tshwj xeeb cov tswv cuab ntawm cov genera *Enterobacter* thiab *Pseudomonas*- tsis yog pwm, raws li feem ntau ntseeg. Conversely, cov kab mob uas proliferate ntawm cov xim zaj duab xis * tom qab * daim ntawv thov yog feem ntau pwm thiab algae. Yog li ntawd, cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv cov xim lwj yog tswj hwm Gram-cov kab mob tsis zoo-tshwj xeeb yog *Enterobacter* thiab * Pseudomonas* hom; qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov biocides thiab preservatives ntxiv rau cov xim yuav tsum tau zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob Gram -tsis zoo. Yog hais tias lub hom phiaj yog los tiv thaiv pwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov xim qhuav zaj duab xis ib yam nkaus, ib qho "qhuav-film" mildewcide yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom khaws cia; siv ob tus neeg ua haujlwm sib xyaw ua ke ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob txuas ntxiv mus thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm marine hauv qab xim, ib qho algicide yuav tsum tau muab tso rau inhibit algal kev loj hlob.
Kev xaiv ntawm biocides, preservatives, thiab mildewcides rau kev siv xim yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog cov hauv qab no:
(1) Broad -spectrum antimicrobial kev ua ub no, kev ua tau zoo, ntev - lub zog muaj zog, thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv pH ntau ntawm 6 txog 10.
(2) Kev nyab xeeb: tsis yog - lom lossis tsis tshua muaj - lom rau tib neeg, ua ke nrog biodegradability zoo.
(3) Chemical inertness: nws yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab nrog lwm cov xim xim thiab, thaum cov xim pleev xim tau tsim, yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg ntawm zaj duab xis.
(4) Tsawg volatility, zoo heev compatibility nrog cov xim formulation, thiab yooj yim ntawm dispersion.
(5) Kev ruaj ntseg zoo tag nrho, suav nrog kev tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob, cua sov, thiab oxidation.
(6) Yooj yim ntawm daim ntawv thov thiab tus nqi tsim nyog -kev ua tau zoo.
Keeb kwm, cov tebchaw xws li organomercurials, organotins, organoarsenicals, phenolic derivatives (xws li halogenated phenols), thiab formaldehyde feem ntau ua haujlwm. Cov pawg qub -organomercurials, organotins, thiab organoarsenicals- feem ntau tau raug txiav tawm vim lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig; lawv siv tam sim no txwv tsis pub siv, xws li hauv marine antifouling hauv qab xim. Formaldehyde, lub sijhawm no, ntsib kev txwv kev siv vim nws qhov kev hloov pauv siab, tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, thiab muaj tshuaj lom. Txij li thaum xyoo 1970s, thawj biocides thiab preservatives siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj xws li sodium pentachlorophenate, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, thiram, vinclozolin, thiab dithiocyanomethane. Sodium pentachlorophenate, vim nws cov toxicity siab, tau raug txwv tsis pub siv. Ntau qhov kev xaiv tom ntej pom muaj cov dej solubility tsis zoo thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob zoo tshaj plaws thiab khaws cia zoo; lawv khaws ib qho kev lag luam tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim vim lawv cov nqi qis. Tam sim no, ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws nyiam siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tua kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, dav -spectrum, qis- lom, thiab dej{11}} soluble. Cov chav kawm ntawm biocides no qhia tau hais tias muaj zog tiv thaiv kab mob siab (feem ntau, qhov tsawg kawg nkaus Inhibitory Concentration-MIC- ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag tawm tsam cov kab mob nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm ob peb kaum ntawm ib lab) thiab ntau yam kev ua ub no (zoo tiv thaiv kab mob, pwm, thiab ga easte). Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha (feem ntau muaj qhov ncauj LD50 hauv cov nas ntau dua 1000 mg / kg). Isothiazolinone tebchaw sawv cev rau ib qho kev tshwm sim tshiab thiab zoo heev ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv txoj kev nyab xeeb, dav - spectrum kev ua ub no, kev ua haujlwm siab, thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom.
